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Inspired gas is normally warmed, filtered and moistened during its passage through the upper airways, a process which is prevented by endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy exposing the lungs and airways to dry cold gas giving rise to a number of adverse effects including:
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Principles of Humidity
· An increase in mucus viscosity
· Depressed ciliary activity
· Obstruction of the airways by tenacious secretions
· Depressed ciliary activity
· Obstruction of the airways by tenacious secretions
Artificial humidification of inspired gases is therefore essential when the upper respiratory tract is bypassed.